Okamenevšie metafory v russkoj i ital’janskoj techničeskoj terminologii: sovpadenija i analogii

Abstract

Russian and Italian for special purposes present many cases of catachreses formed by zoonyms (e.g.: in Russian lebed', capstan, lit. swan; in Italian galletto, wing nut, lit. cocklet) and by anatomic terms (the Italian word albero a gomiti corresponds to the Russian kolenčatyj val, crankshaft, lit. respectively elbow-shaft and knee-shaft). In the article particular attention is paid to some catachreses of mechanical language (in particular catachreses existing within the terminology of the anchor) and of medical language, where an anatomic term, referring to a part of the human body, e.g. collo, neck, can indicate a part of an other organ: collo della vescica, cervix of the bladder.