Rivista internazionale di tecnica della traduzione n.22 - 2020

In this study our major goal is to present the different solutions that the Italian language offers in the word formation with the prefix ri- in contrast with the Spanih re- .This comparison has been analysed taking the Italian language as the core of this study, from a cognitive perspective through a complex field of pragmatic uses, with a close attention to the semantic meaning in each situation, and considering the most frequent combinations among the words in order to get the main important contrasts between these two languages.

This study aims to scrutinise the main sociological and linguistic aspects of Dutch populism. In the first part of this paper, we provide an overview of the circumstances that favoured the rise of this political phenomenon in the Netherlands, with a special focus on the murders of Theo Van Gogh and Pim Fortuyn. The second part focuses on the linguistic features and differences between the two spiritual heirs of Pim Fortuyn: Geert Wilders and Thierry Baudet. Drawing on the research by van Leeuwen (2015), the analysis shows that these two populist leaders have much in common in terms of the content of their speeches, but differ greatly in the rhetorical strategies adopted to persuade voters. Wilders uses an aggressive, old-fashioned style, whereas Baudet is more refined and cultured. These differences have had an enormous impact on their political success.

This paper aims to examine the loanwords of Ottoman-Turkish origin found in Maurizio Garzoni’s Vocabolario italiano, e kurdo (1787), the earliest bilingual Kurdish (Kurmanji) dictionary written by a European, and to check their historical-documentary importance. To this end, we have verified wheth-er Garzoni’s data are also recorded in the wordlists presented by four major works on the Kurdish language, chosen as reference books –namely Jaba-Justi (1879), Kurdoev (1960), İzoli (1992), Chyet (2003). This comparison has allowed us to identify seventeen Turkisms that seem to be found only in Garzoni; two of them, in addition, were borrowed from Ottoman words rarely attested (taş gemisi ‘kind of warship’, zaġal ‘fraudulent; rascal’). Garzoni’s work, therefore, is very valuable not only for the Kurdish historical lexicography, but also for the Turkish one.

The article analyzes the two Italian translations of El matadero, by Esteban Echeverría, specifically considering some examples of techniques used to transfer the cultural elements (culturemas) present in the source text (TF). These features are of utmost importance, not only because they are characteristic aspects of the Argentine culture of a particular epoch, but rather for their function in the textual framework constructed by the author. Therefore, some of the solutions proposed in both translations are examined, underlining the risks that translation between related languages impose, such as the abuse of copying and loans without any type of explanation, and the consequent danger of foreignization (Salmon, 2017), or the loss of illocutionary force in the target text (TM). In both translations, although to a different extent, faithfulness to the words of the TF does not allow the tension and violence that permeate the work to be fully transmitted. These characteristics could probably have been maintained in a less “tied” or more “daring” translation, based on the concept of translation as rewriting (Lefevere, 1992).

Peritexts and women in translation are the two main topics of this paper. The underlying research question is the following: what contribution does a translator make to the concept of translation beyond the dissemination of knowledge, especially in non-literary fields? This study focuses on a scientific work by Isaac Newton: the Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica. In particular, it explores the peritext of the first French translation from Latin by Émilie Du Châtelet: the first woman of science in France and, to date, a key figure for researchers on the history of science and gender studies. She worked on this translation from 1745 to 1749 and wrote an extensive peritext (297 pages), often referred to as the “Comments”. A survey of this peritext shows that Émilie Du Châtelet not only clarified Newton's theory, but also contributed to contemporary scientific knowledge and debates. Her active role is worth considering today, since scientific works are less and less translated, with the ensuing loss of the translators’ contributions to scientific knowledge.

In this article we analyse the importance of the grammatical category of the adverb in the translation from Italian to Spanish, and specifically the Italian adverbs that end in -mente and -issimo. This aspect is basic because the use of a certain grammatical category is closely related to the naturalness that characterizes each language, and, therefore, its use depends on the mental mechanisms that characterize it. This is the reason why between Italian and Spanish there is a different frequency of use of these derived adverbs and why, to provide an adequate translation, it is essential to analyse different contexts that significantly show the contrast between both languages.

The article is located in the research on intercultural tourism discourse and deals with the image that German and Austrian travel guides create of the northern Italian Friuli Venezia Giulia region. After an overview of the creation of images in tourism communication, of the linguistic and textual structures used in the tourism discourse and of travel guides as a type of text, the contribution analyses the Orientierungstexte (Fandrych & Thurmair 2011) from seven German and Austrian travel guides about the region, from which all attributes characterising FVG have been extracted. FVG is presented as a small region of scenic contrasts between the mountains and the sea and as a multicultural region. The individual landscapes are partly stylised as worlds in their owns, while less spectacular features are enhanced by the attributes of authenticity or by what they offer to holidaymakers. The guides use suggestive images and typical stereotypes of Italy. A number of specific labels are attributed to the individual cities. The inhabitants are portrayed as people who enjoy a glass of wine and as different from the “typical Italian”. All mechanisms of the tourism discourse can be identified in the texts.

This paper aims to outline the phenomena emerged from a terminographical analysis in Italian and German within the frame of the TERMit project. The topic examined is the microbiota, an innovative and interdisciplinary research field in medicine and consequently of paramount importance in translation as well as terminology. After a brief diachronic and scientific introduction along with a section regarding the research methodology and the corpus analyzed, the terminological aspects identified will be discussed. Firstly, the paper will examine terms and their improper usage, surveying extensively the dichotomy between “microbiota” and “microbiome” – one of the focal points of the analysis. Secondly, it will deal with some peculiarities concerning definitions of the concepts in this discipline. Thirdly, it will focus on terminological variation, namely synonyms and variants occurring in the special language of medicine – more specifically, within the multifaceted subfield of the microbiota – and will attempt to categorize them.

This brief contribution aims at showing two different translation approaches to the text of Cellini’s Vita based on the translations made by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1796) and Jacques Laager (2000). A comparative analysis of some passages from these translations, which are far away from each other not just in terms of time, reveals that Goethe prefers to act, case by case, in different ways towards the original text, aiming at giving back the full meaning of Cellini’s work, namely its intrinsic complexity and its implicit allusions. Instead, influenced by the commercial implications of our times, Laager prefers an explanatory approach. This analysis allows a further discussion about the idea of fidelity to the original text: for Goethe, it means even to cut words or stress expressions in order to give back the full meaning of the original; for Laager, it means to keep equidistance from the original text and to provide literal translations.

Nella prefazione del volume 22 della Rivista Internazionale di Tecnica della Traduzione abbiamo voluto realizzare un’analisi critica dei lavori in esso contenuti. Si tratta di quattordici saggi scritti in italiano (sette), spagnolo (cinque), inglese (uno) e francese (uno) da ricercatori che lavorano presso università italiane e straniere. I contributi si occupano di studi nell’ambito della traduzione letteraria, della traduzione di testi scientifici, promozionali, giornalistici e turistici, della linguistica contrastiva italiano-spagnolo e italiano-inglese, della lessicologia, della linguistica dei corpora, della terminologia e dell’analisi linguistica di testi medici e di discorsi politici. Infine, un’autrice si è soffermata sull’importanza della traduzione di alcune classi di parole tra due lingue affini come l’italiano e lo spagnolo. Questa ricerca è particolarmente importante perché di solito a queste classi di parole spesso non si presta la dovuta attenzione.

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the greater linguistic simplicity of European regulations compared to the one found in Italian regulations, mainly because of the well-known universals of translation (simplification, explicitation, normalization and levelling out), and because of precise graphic choices. Through linguistic analyses carried out with the help of recent computational systems, it has been possible to monitor the structure of "Italian translations" in relation to the Italian used in national regulations, with a particular focus on morpohosyntactic and syntactic levels, which usually constitute the main issue with this type of texts. In order to facilitate and standardize the interpretation of qualitative and quantitative analyses, each corpus (“corpus IT” and “corpus UE”) consists of 25 regulations currently in force, issued over the last decade and belonging to the same categories of topics: employment, environment, energy, social policies and market. Despite some limitations due to automatic analysis of texts, the goals achieved make it possible to highlight the still unexplored potential for the adoption of these instruments in this field of study. This could therefore represent the starting point for a series of future developments centered on the monitoring of relevant linguistic features and possible linguistic interferences.

Rivista Internazionale di Tecnica della Traduzione of the Scuola Superiore di Lingue Moderne per Interpreti e Traduttori, University of Trieste (Dipartimento di Scienze Giuridiche, del Linguaggio, dell’Interpretazione e della Traduzione) is a refereed international journal published once a year. The aim of the journal is to provide a forum of discussion for the multifaceted activity of translation as well as related issues such as terminology and terminography, lexicology and lexicography, contrastive analysis, corpus linguistics, and intercultural communication. The journal is mainly focused - but not limited to – specialized, i.e. non-literary, translation and is open to different theoretical approaches including contributions from qualified professionals operating on the translation market. Articles are mainly published in Italian and English, but articles in other European languages are also accepted, provided they are preceded by an Abstract in English. Each issue of the journal contains a section devoted to a specific topic, but contributions on other subjects as well as papers by young researchers and reviews are also very welcome.

News translation encompasses a wide variety of activities and procedures, whose features also vary depending on the text type to be translated. Taking into account the idiosyncratic nature of opinion articles and interviews - which should not be subjected to excessive modifications when translated - this paper aims at investigating the translation techniques adopted to deal with the cultural references included in these texts. In order to do so, a contrastive analysis of Spanish/South American newspaper articles translated into Italian is carried out. Results show that notwithstanding the peculiar essence of the sources, translators tend to make choices oriented towards the domestication, hence modification, of the original texts.

This paper aims to analyse a brief fragment of the famous work La Colmena written by Camilo José Cela from a linguistic, translatological and contrastive perspective (Spanish-Italian) based on the translation work undertaken by Sergio Ponzanelli. After framing the novel within a social, historical and literary context, we will deal with its characteristics and peculiarities at a formal and meaning level. Next, we will carry out an analysis of the translatological choices made by the translator by means of a comparison between the original version and the translated one and we will reflect upon the language used by the author through his characters. We will adopt a qualitative and heuristic-speculative methodology. On the qualitative level, the translatological analysis will allow us to determine the reason for the translatological operations carried out when translating the text into Italian. The heuristic-speculative paradigm will allow us to consider a series of hypotheses about the communicative efficacy of the choices made by Sergio Ponzanelli. Finally, based on modern translation theories we aim to emphasise linguistic, stylistic, cultural, pragmatic and contrastive aspects that could be a hindrance to the activity of a literary translator.

This paper aims to present the contents and teaching methods adopted during a Greek- Italian translation project carried out at the Advanced School for Interpreters and Translators of the University of Trieste. The project is based on a cooperation between the Lyrarakis Winery (Crete, Greece) and the Modern Greek students of our school. The main goal of this project was the translation from Greek into Italian of brochures, leaflets and informative material provided by Lyrarakis Wines. The texts the students dealt with were both informative (description of the company and of its history etc..) and technical (data sheets and characteristics of the production and the wines). After a detailed lexical and syntax analysis, the texts were translated both in class and independently by the students. The most challenging aspects the students dealt with were lexical elements of the wine language and localization into Italian.

The article explores two British mental-health related websites, it compares them with similar Italian websites and pinpoints the main usability features of both. Then, it performs a thorough textual and linguistic analysis of two Easy Read (ER) leaflets on depression, a serious mental condition that is known to affect mainly women, issued respectively by a UK charity (Easy Health) and a local national body (the Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust). Results show that although ER can be interpreted and implemented differently – yet equally effectively, there are some textual, linguistic and organizational parameters that should always be implemented to ensure the (high) usability of texts meant for people with intellectual disabilities, but also for nonexperts or even patients with mental health disorder whose processing abilities might be compromised.