25 APhEx num 25, anno 2022
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SOMMARIO
TEMI
D'agruma Nicolò
Riferimento dei nomi propri e filosofia sperimentale
Gerla Giangiacomo
LETTURE CRITICHE
Schiaffonati Viola
Morganti Matteo
PROFILI
Contente Michele
Fizzarotti Corrado
Sacchi Elisabetta
OPEN PROBLEMS
Burgess John P., De Toffoli Silvia
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Browsing 25 APhEx num 25, anno 2022 by Title
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- PublicationClaudio Ternullo e Vincenzo Fano, "L'infinito. Filosofia, matematica, fisica", Carocci Editore, Roma, 2021, pp. 160(EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste, 2022)Morganti, MatteoAgainst a decidedly conspicuous academic output on infinity, there are few texts of a purely philosophical nature. Mostly, in fact, works written by mathematicians and physicists with a keen interest in the history of philosophy but no specific background are available. And this is especially true for literature in Italian: as much for books that have become available in translation in recent times (to give just two examples, Barrow (2006) and Aczel (2015)) as for texts originally in Italian (think of the recently reissued classics by Zellini (1980) and Lombardo Radice (1981), or the more recent Bottazzini (2018) and Benci-Freguglia (2019)). Therefore, the publication of this work on infinity, written by two Italian philosophers in four hands, cannot but be greeted with great pleasure; although they themselves privilege themes and issues of a mathematical nature, they excellently frame the theme of infinity in a broader historical and conceptual context, in the writer's opinion indispensable for an effective understanding. Infinity. Philosophy, Mathematics, Physics goes, in other words, to add to a rich list of works on this fascinating subject, but provides the reader with at least a somewhat different point of view, characterized above all by greater comprehensiveness and a better general philosophical framing of the various issues dealt with. Regardless of minimal flaws and shortcomings, which I will try to point out in the course of this critical reading, the result is undoubtedly excellent, both from the point of view of usefulness for the - always hypothetical - 'average reader' and in terms of its ability to examine more complex issues and more recent lines of research for the use of readers who are more knowledgeable or more willing to reread certain passages and deepen specific notions through additional readings.
54 214 - PublicationGeometria senza punti(EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste, 2022)Gerla, GiangiacomoThe aim is to expose a series of researches whose purpose is to explore the possibility of founding geometry without assuming points as primitive entities, as is commonly done. The points are replaced by regions intended as portions of space that can be occupied by a solid body. This work begins with some quotes that show the Aristotelian root of such research and, more generally, testify to the constant interest of philosophers in the existence and nature of points.
61 707 - PublicationGuglielmo Tamburrini, "Etica delle macchine. Dilemmi morali per robotica e intelligenza artificiale", Carocci editore, Roma, 2020, pp. 151(EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste, 2022)Schiaffonati, ViolaArtificial intelligence (AI) and robotics have been the focus of growing philosophical interest for some time. This interest is a consequence of the development that has characterized these disciplines in recent years. These are astounding achievements not only in the eyes of non-experts but also-and perhaps especially-to those familiar with the history of AI. For a long time these disciplines were relegated to academic research laboratories where, over the years, they achieved significant results but with little impact on our daily lives. Recently, technologies produced in these fields have become part of our daily lives or are about to do so, raising high expectations but also unchecked fears. It is no coincidence that traditional philosophical reflection, largely devoted to trying to answer questions about what intelligence is and whether and how it can be realized in artifacts created by human beings, now focuses on the ethics of such artifacts, where the preposition "of" can be understood with the meaning of both "belonging to" and "relating to." These are no longer the days when the world's most widely used textbook in AI courses (Russel & Norvig, 2020) titled one of the paragraphs in the first introductory chapter "What if we succeed?"; today, rather, it seems time to rephrase this title to "We have now succeeded: now what do we do?".
175 614 - PublicationJerry Fodor(EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste, 2022)Sacchi, ElisabettaThe aim of this Profile is to introduce the reader to some of Jerry Fodor's main contributions to the current philosophical-scientific debate. The presentation is divided in two main thematic sections: one devoted to Fodor's conception of the nature of the mind, its processes and states, and one focussed on the issue of the semantics of mental representations. The two sections are preceded by a biographical sketch and followed by a critical assessment of Fodor's intellectual legacy.
75 821 - PublicationMary Midgley(EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste, 2022)Fizzarotti, CorradoIn this essay I propose a critical profile on the figure of the Oxonian philosopher Mary Midgley, who died in 2018. Her thought has always remained central in the debate on environmental ethics and is recently being rediscovered due of its possible applications to bioethics, environmentalism and feminism. In this profile I conduct a thematic analysis of her thought, trying to connect elements of her epistemology with some of her ethics, especially in relation to the environmentalism for which she is famous. My goal is to highlight how anti-reductionist themes and the emphasis on complexity are the unifying elements of Mary Midgley's thought and the key to understanding its relevance.
61 250 - PublicationPer Martin-Löf(EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste, 2022)Contente, MichelePer Martin-Löf is one of the most prominent living logicians. The present profile aims to illustrate his main works in an accessible way, devoting particular attention to their philosophical significance. After a brief sketch of his intellectual biography, we shall survey his main contributions to different areas of logic and philosophy. In particular, we shall focus on his most important contribution, the introduction of the Intuitionistic Theory of Types, and we shall analyze his work in proof theory, foundations of constructive mathematics and philosophy of logic.
98 374 - PublicationRiferimento dei nomi propri e filosofia sperimentale(EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste, 2022)D'Agruma, NicolòQuesto articolo fornisce una panoramica sul dibattito sui lavori sperimentali sul riferimento dei nomi propri. Nella prima sezione, espongo i casi che Kripke porta a sostegno della teoria storico-causale e contro la teoria descrittivista. Nella seconda sezione, presento l'esperimento che ha originato questo dibattito (Machery et al., 2004). Gli autori sostengono che le intuizioni referenziali variano sia tra soggetti appartenenti a culture diverse sia tra soggetti appartenenti alla stessa cultura. Nella terza e quarta sezione, illustro il dibattito che si è originato dalle critiche alla struttura interna dell'esperimento e agli assunti teorici su cui esso si fonda. Nell'ultima sezione, delineo alcune prospettive per il futuro lavoro sperimentale in teoria del riferimento.
60 388 - PublicationWhat Is Mathematical Rigor?(EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste, 2022)
;Burgess, John P.De Toffoli, SilviaRigorous proof is supposed to guarantee that the premises invoked imply the conclusion reached, and the problem of rigor may be described as that of bringing together the perspectives of formal logic and mathematical practice on how this is to be achieved. This problem has recently raised a lot of discussion among philosophers of mathematics. We survey some possible solutions and argue that failure to understand its terms properly has led to misunderstandings in the literature.77 564