24 APhEx num 24, anno 2021

This is a synthetic guide to situated affectivity, a recent and prolific development between the philosophy of emotion and situated cognition. First, I will introduce the theoretical instruments to understand the statement according to which "affective phenomena are situated". Then, I will present the main theses that have been proposed in the field, distinguishing between situated and extended affective states, as well as the theoretical notions that have been used, like "affective scaffolds" and "affective artifacts".

This text discusses Yehoshua Bar-Hillel's contribution to theoretical linguistics, the philosophy of language and of science, and cybernetics. While building on a solid logical framework, Bar-Hillel forcefully contended that the study of language demanded a synthesis of approaches, and that theorists from different fields should come together and contribute to a scientifically accurate image of language. Here we provide a detailed discussion of his theoretical motivation and of his main achievements in the areas of formal pragmatics, universal semantics and machine translation.

A paraconsistent logic is a logic in which the inference rule (ECQ): a˄¬a|- b is not valid. After settling the preliminaries in section 1, in section 2 I present the motivations for paraconsistency; in section 3 I present the justification of (ECQ), which lies in a seemingly straightforward proof of this rule, and identify the possible strategies to block the proof. The following sections are devoted to the analysis of the various alternatives: devising partially paraconsistent logics, invalidating the disjunctive syllogism, invalidating the transitivity of logical consequence, and rejecting the uniqueness of disjunction.

"Etica e scienze cognitive" by Sarah Songhorian is the first book to offer a brief and effective overview of the theories which, based on new findings in the field of cognitive (neuro)sciences, aim both to explain the emergence and the current configurations of moral judgments and systems and to propose integrations and modifications to them in the light of empirical data.

Mereological nihilism is the thesis that there are no composite objects such as people, mountains, trees, planets, smartphones, molecules, ..., but, maybe, only mereologically simple objects arranged peoplewise, mountainwise, treewise, .... Maybe though, since nihilism can be spelled out in many ways. This paper offers a critical introduction to nihilism, its motivations, and dialectical strategies. An emphasis is given to the presentation of its various forms, from the more to the less popular and standard, the main anti-nihilistic objections, and the possible nihilistic replies.