Introduzione alla storia della lingua gaelica

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Il presente lavoro consiste in una grammatica descrittiva dell’irlandese antico e si presenta come un’introduzione allo studio dell’irlandese nel suo stadio più arcaico ed è ricostruibile sulla base delle testimonianze dei testi letterari e legali pervenutici. Il gaelico irlandese appartiene al ramo celtico della famiglia linguistica indo-europea ed è stato introdotto in Irlanda intorno al 300 A.C. con le invasioni dei celti gaeli provenienti con ogni probabilità dalla zona nord-occidentale della Spagna. In seguito, intorno al V secolo D.C., il gaelico irlandese sarebbe stato introdotto anche nell’odierna Scozia e nell’isola di Man a seguito di razzie e spedizioni di vari clann irlandesi in queste due regioni e del loro definitivo stanziamento sul territorio scozzese e mannese. Tale stanziamento avrebbe dunque portato all’introduzione della lingua gaelica irlandese dando origine inizialmente a due dialetti e dal XVII secolo a due lingue celtiche propriamente distinte. Per convenzione, le tre diverse lingue celtiche sopra menzionate, appartenendo al gruppo cosiddetto goidelico, sono definite genericamente con il nome di gaelico ma sono ulteriormente distinte nelle tre lingue: irlandese, scozzese e mannese. Di queste, solamente le prime due, sono ancora lingue vive e parlate nei rispettivi paesi. Il mannese e il cornico sono oramai lingue estinte. Il cornico è un dialetto celtico del ramo brittonico, parlato in Cornovaglia, estinto nel XVII secolo. Nella presente introduzione sono stati trattati gli stadi propri della lingua gaelica. 1) Lo stadio compreso tra il V e la metà del VI secolo che si suole indicare con il termine di Gaeilge Ársa o Primitive Irish. 2) Lo stadio successivo che concerne l’attestazione della lingua gaelica relativa in particolare al VII secolo che è stata definita con il temine di Early old Irish o Sean-Ghaeilge Mhoch. 3) E lo stadio di lingua compreso tra i secoli VIII e IX per i quali sono stati adoperati generalmente i termini di Old-Irish o Sean-Ghaeilge Chlasaiceach o semplicemente Sean-Ghaeilge. È stata presentata un’introduzione ai vari mutamenti fonologici che caratterizzarono il passaggio dallo stadio di celtico comune ai successivi periodi dell’Irlandese primitivo, dell’Irlandese arcaico e dell’Irlandese antico. Di quest’ultimo periodo è stata esposta una sintesi di grammatica descrittiva partendo dall’analisi prima del sistema nominale e in seguito al sistema verbale, con attenzione anche ai fenomeni di palatalizzazione, nasalizzazione e lenizione. Per quanto riguarda il sistema nominale, sono stati presentati i paradigmi delle forme dell’articolo indeterminativo, delle classi nominali dei temi vocalici e consonantici di aggettivi e sostantivi e delle forme di pronomi e preposizioni. Per quanto riguarda il sistema verbale è stata presentata la serie dei paradigmi delle forme dei verbi sia delle classi deboli che delle classi forti con particolare attenzione poi alle forme della copula. Per ogni classe sia nominale che verbale è stata fornita tutta una serie di esempi raggruppati in tabelle.

This work consists of a descriptive grammar of ancient Irish and is presented as an introduction to the study of Irish in its most archaic stage and is reconstructed on the basis of the testimonies of the literary and legal texts arrived. Irish Gaelic belongs to the Celtic branch of the Indo-European linguistic family and was introduced in Ireland around 300 BC. With the invasions of the Celts Gaelic coming in all probability from the northwestern part of Spain. Later, around the fifth century BC, Irish Gaelic would also be introduced in present-day Scotland and Man Island following raids and expeditions of various Irish clans in these two regions and their definitive allocation in Scotland and Manche. This appropriation would therefore have led to the introduction of the Irish Gaelic language originally originated in two dialects and from the 17th century to two distinctly distinct Celtic languages. By convention, the three Celtic languages ​​mentioned above, belonging to the so-called goidelic group, are generally termed Gaelic but are further distinguished in the three languages: Irish, Scottish, and Mannese. Of these, only the first two, there are still living and spoken languages ​​in their respective countries. The mannes and the cornice are now extinct languages. The frame is a Celtic dialect of the British branch, spoken in Cornwall, extinct in the 17th century. In this introduction, the Gaelic language stages were treated. 1) The stage between the V and the middle of the sixth century, which is indicated by the term Gaeilge Ársa or Primitive Irish. 2) The next stage concerning the Gaelic language, particularly in the 7th century, which was defined by Early Old Irish or Sean-Ghaeilge Mhoch. 3) And the language stage between the 8th and 9th centuries for which Old-Irish or Sean-Ghaeilge Chlasaiceach or simply Sean-Ghaeilge were used. An introduction to the various phonological changes that characterized the passage from the Celtic stage common to subsequent periods of Primitive Irish, archaic Irish and ancient Irish. A summary of descriptive grammar was presented from this last period, starting from the analysis before the nominal system and following the verbal system, also with regard to the phenomena of palatalization, nasalization and lenition. Regarding the nominal system, the paradigms of the forms of the indeterminative article, the nominal classes of vocal and consonant themes of adjectives and nouns, and the forms of pronouns and prepositions have been presented. As for the verbal system, the series of paradigms of the verb forms of both the weak classes and the strong classes have been presented with particular attention to the forms of the copula. For each class both nominal and verbal, a whole series of examples were grouped into tables.

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    Introduzione alla storia della lingua gaelica
    (EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste, 2010)
    Fattovich, Anna
    This work consists of a descriptive grammar of ancient Irish and is presented as an introduction to the study of Irish in its most archaic stage and is reconstructed on the basis of the testimonies of the literary and legal texts arrived. Irish Gaelic belongs to the Celtic branch of the Indo-European linguistic family and was introduced in Ireland around 300 BC. With the invasions of the Celts Gaelic coming in all probability from the northwestern part of Spain. Later, around the fifth century BC, Irish Gaelic would also be introduced in present-day Scotland and Man Island following raids and expeditions of various Irish clans in these two regions and their definitive allocation in Scotland and Manche. This appropriation would therefore have led to the introduction of the Irish Gaelic language originally originated in two dialects and from the 17th century to two distinctly distinct Celtic languages. By convention, the three Celtic languages ​​mentioned above, belonging to the so-called goidelic group, are generally termed Gaelic but are further distinguished in the three languages: Irish, Scottish, and Mannese. Of these, only the first two, there are still living and spoken languages ​​in their respective countries. The mannes and the cornice are now extinct languages. The frame is a Celtic dialect of the British branch, spoken in Cornwall, extinct in the 17th century. In this introduction, the Gaelic language stages were treated. 1) The stage between the V and the middle of the sixth century, which is indicated by the term Gaeilge Ársa or Primitive Irish. 2) The next stage concerning the Gaelic language, particularly in the 7th century, which was defined by Early Old Irish or Sean-Ghaeilge Mhoch. 3) And the language stage between the 8th and 9th centuries for which Old-Irish or Sean-Ghaeilge Chlasaiceach or simply Sean-Ghaeilge were used. An introduction to the various phonological changes that characterized the passage from the Celtic stage common to subsequent periods of Primitive Irish, archaic Irish and ancient Irish. A summary of descriptive grammar was presented from this last period, starting from the analysis before the nominal system and following the verbal system, also with regard to the phenomena of palatalization, nasalization and lenition. Regarding the nominal system, the paradigms of the forms of the indeterminative article, the nominal classes of vocal and consonant themes of adjectives and nouns, and the forms of pronouns and prepositions have been presented. As for the verbal system, the series of paradigms of the verb forms of both the weak classes and the strong classes have been presented with particular attention to the forms of the copula. For each class both nominal and verbal, a whole series of examples were grouped into tables.
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