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  5. Development of a GIS to estimate the effect of abiotic factors on the abundance of waterbirds in the Grado-Marano Lagoon
 
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Development of a GIS to estimate the effect of abiotic factors on the abundance of waterbirds in the Grado-Marano Lagoon

Hubina, Tatsiana
2009-04-17
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http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3168
  • Doctoral Thesis

Contributor(s)
Florit, Fabrizio
Abstract
L’obiettivo di questa tesi è valutare l’influenza di vari fattori biotici e abiotici che possono influenzare l’abbondanza degli uccelli acquatici nella laguna di Grado e Marano. La laguna di Grado e Marano è situata nel NE del mare Adriatico e ha un’estensione approssimativa di 160 km2. Il passo introduttivo nell’implementazione della struttura del progetto è stato individuare un sistema innovativo per la raccolta, la standardizzazione e l’archiviazione dei dati ornitologici. Immagini satellitari ASTER sono state utilizzate per classificare differenti tipi di habitat, incluse le praterie di fanerogame. Nel Sistema Informativo Geografico sono state incluse quattro variabili abiotiche (azoto e fosforo totale, salinità e tessitura del sedimento) e tre fattori biotici (comunità bentonica, praterie di fanerogame e l’abbondanza degli uccelli acquatici presenti (Mean values: December 2006, January and February 2007), raggruppati in unita funzionali o guilds). Una griglia UTM con celle di grandezza 1km x 1km (Operational Geographic Units, OGU), è stata sovrapposta all’intera laguna. Per definire le unità ecologiche sono state applicate la classificazione gerarchica e l’analisi delle componenti principali. Da ultimo è stata usata l’analisi di corrispondenza per esaminare la relazione tra uccelli acquatici raggruppati in guilds e le unità ecologiche. L’integrazione dei metodi standard di censimento con i database relazionali per archiviare e analizzare i dati ornitologici, con le tecniche di telerilevamento e di GIS e con i metodi di analisi multivariata, rappresenta un set di strumenti efficienti e potenti per il monitoraggio integrato della laguna. Il soddisfacente risultato ottenuto si potrebbe applicare per ottenere un miglioramento della struttura gestionale di numerose zone umide dell’Adriatico. The purpose of this thesis is to estimate the influence of several biotic and abiotic factors on the abundance of waterbirds in the Grado-Marano Lagoon. The Grado-Marano Lagoon is situated in the Northeast of the Adriatic Sea with an extension of approximately 160 km2. Design of an innovative system for ornithological data gathering, standardisation and storage has been an initial step in the whole project structure. Waterbirds census was carried out by periodically monitoring the bird population over a two-year period (July 2006- July 2008). The present research is making use of the integrated waterbirds census database December 2006 - February 2007 (Daylight Time Counts completed by Aerial Surveys). Terrestrial and aerial survey methods allowed us to describe bird density and habitat use. An Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite images were utilized to classify different types of morphologies and habitat, including sea grass meadows. Four abiotic factors (total nitrogen, total phosphorous, salinity and sediment texture) and three biotic factors (benthic community, sea grass meadows and waterbird guild abundance) were integrated into a GIS. The flexibility of the procedure proposed in this PhD research depends on the concept of the Operational Geographic Unit (OGU) as a useful tool to integrate in a GIS georeferenced multisource data A regular UTM grid of square cells (OGU), 1km × 1km, was superimposed on the entire lagoon. Using the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis technique it was possible to delineate ecological units (clusters of OGUs) and Principal Component Analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the factors considered. Subsequently, Correspondence Analysis (CA) was used to examine the relationship between waterbird guild abundance and ecological units. The results obtained from this study show that sea grass meadows represent a fundamental trophic resource for aquatic birdlife in the lagoon. It is therefore indispensable to assess the distribution of phanerogam meadows and to identify the principal ecological parameters. In this context, GIS techniques allow us to integrate significant amounts of environmental data and multivariate analysis helps us to reduce the dimensionality of the data set. The integration of standard waterbirds census methods, relational databases for the ornithological data storing and analysis, remote sensing techniques, GIS technologies and multivariate statistical methods provides us with a set of powerful and efficient tool for lagoon integrated monitoring. It demonstrates the promising potentials in reforming the management frameworks of the numerous coastal wetlands in the Adriatic.
Subjects
  • Grado-Marano lagoon

  • GIS

  • Remote Sensing

  • spatial database

  • multivariate analysis...

  • sea grass meadows

  • waterbird guild

Publisher
Università degli studi di Trieste
Languages
en
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PhD_tatsiana.hubina.pdf

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19.49 MB

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