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Evoluzione del gender gap nell’accademia: il caso di medicina
LARESE FILON, FRANCESCA
2024
Abstract
The presence of women in the roles of associate and full professor in medicine is very modest in Italian (Larese, 2019) and foreign universities (Li, 2023) and numerous actions have been undertaken in order to eliminate the glass ceiling that does not allow women to have an academic career. The objective of this study was to analyze the presence of women in the scientific disciplinary sectors of Medicine and Surgery in 2023 and to compare it with those of 2015 and 2005, in order to verify the Italian situation and propose improvement actions. The data relating to the composition of the teaching staff (researcher, associate and full professor) were extracted from the database of the Ministry of University and Research and were grouped on the scientific disciplinary sectors and into 4 groups: basic sciences, medical sciences, surgical sciences and technical sciences. In 2023, on 9556 teachers of Medicine and Surgery in Italy, 3644 are women (38%). Women are more likely to be researcher (68% in technical sciences, 64,3% in basic sciences, 49,1% in medical sciences and 31,1% in surgical sciences). As associate professors they represent the 60% of teachers in technical sciences and the 58,5% in basic sciences, but only the 40,5% in medical sciences and the 18,2% in surgical sciences. The female shares among full professors are even smaller, representing 8,2% in surgical sciences, 20,9% in medical sciences, 40% in basic sciences and 42,6% in technical sciences. Compared to 2015, a significant increase (p<0,001) in the presence of women in top roles is observed, demonstrating a progressive overcoming of the “glass ceiling”. Actions in favor of career progression such as the mixed composition of recruitment commissions, clear rules with the use of bibliometric indicators for National Scientific Qualification, female mentorship actions, the presence of female teachers and activities to support life balance /work have led to a progressive increase in the female presence which, however, is still very far from the 50:50 objective. Further actions are desirable to achieve equality of opportunities and careers in the two genders.
La presenza di donne nei ruoli di prima e seconda fascia in medicina è molto modesta nelle università italiane (Larese, 2019) e in quelle straniere (Li, 2023). Numerose azioni sono state intraprese al fine di eliminare il tetto di cristallo che non permette alle donne di avanzare nella carriera accademica. L’obiettivo di questo studio è quello di analizzare la presenza di donne nei settori scientifico-disciplinari di Medicina e Chirurgia nel 2023 e di confrontarlo con quella del 2015 e del 2005, al fine di verificare la situazione italiana e di proporre azioni di miglioramento. I dati relativi alla composizione del personale docente (nei ruoli di ricercatore/trice, professore/essa associato/a e ordinario/a) sono stati estratti dalla banca dati del Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca e sono stati raggruppati in base al settore scientifico-disciplinare nel gruppo delle scienze di base, scienze mediche, chirurgiche e tecniche. Il personale docente di Medicina e Chirurgia nel 2023 in Italia ha complessivamente 9556 unità di cui 3644 donne (38%). Le donne sono maggiormente rappresentate nel ruolo di ricercatore universitario (68% nelle scienze tecniche, 64,3% nelle scienze di base, 49,1% nelle scienze mediche e 31,1% nelle scienze chirurgiche). Buona la presenza femminile nel ruolo di seconda fascia nelle scienze tecniche (60%) e nelle scienze di base (58,5%), più limitata nelle scienze mediche (40,5%) e chirurgiche (18,9%). Più ridotte ancora le quote femminili nella prima fascia che rappresentano l’8,2% nelle scienze chirurgiche, il 20,9% nelle scienze mediche, il 40% nelle scienze di base e il 42,6% nelle scienze tecniche. Rispetto al 2015 si osserva un significativo incremento della presenza femminile nei ruoli apicali a testimonianza di un progressivo superamento del “tetto di cristallo”. Le azioni a favore della progressione di carriera come la composizione mista delle commissioni per il reclutamento, regole chiare con uso di indicatori bibliometrici per l’Abilitazione Scientifica Nazionale, azioni di mentorship femminile, la presenza di docenti donne e le attività a supporto della conciliazione vita/lavoro hanno determinato un progressivo aumento della presenza femminile che è ancora però molto distante dall’obiettivo 50:50. Ulteriori azioni sono auspicabili per raggiungere la parità di opportunità e carriera.
The presence of women in the roles of associate and full professor in medicine is very modest in Italian (Larese, 2019) and foreign universities (Li, 2023) and numerous actions have been undertaken in order to eliminate the glass ceiling that does not allow women to have an academic career. The objective of this study was to analyze the presence of women in the scientific disciplinary sectors of Medicine and Surgery in 2023 and to compare it with those of 2015 and 2005, in order to verify the Italian situation and propose improvement actions. The data relating to the composition of the teaching staff (researcher, associate and full professor) were extracted from the database of the Ministry of University and Research and were grouped on the scientific disciplinary sectors and into 4 groups: basic sciences, medical sciences, surgical sciences and technical sciences. In 2023, on 9556 teachers of Medicine and Surgery in Italy, 3644 are women (38%). Women are more likely to be researcher (68% in technical sciences, 64,3% in basic sciences, 49,1% in medical sciences and 31,1% in surgical sciences). As associate professors they represent the 60% of teachers in technical sciences and the 58,5% in basic sciences, but only the 40,5% in medical sciences and the 18,2% in surgical sciences. The female shares among full professors are even smaller, representing 8,2% in surgical sciences, 20,9% in medical sciences, 40% in basic sciences and 42,6% in technical sciences. Compared to 2015, a significant increase (p<0,001) in the presence of women in top roles is observed, demonstrating a progressive overcoming of the “glass ceiling”. Actions in favor of career progression such as the mixed composition of recruitment commissions, clear rules with the use of bibliometric indicators for National Scientific Qualification, female mentorship actions, the presence of female teachers and activities to support life balance /work have led to a progressive increase in the female presence which, however, is still very far from the 50:50 objective. Further actions are desirable to achieve equality of opportunities and careers in the two genders.
Source
Francesca Larese Filon, "Evoluzione del gender gap nell’accademia: il caso di medicina", in: Saveria Capellari (a cura di ), "Parità: a che punto siamo? Contributi per un dialogo interdisciplinare", Trieste, EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste, 2024, pp. 123-132
Languages
it
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
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