Etica & Politica / Ethics & Politics (2023) XXV/2

Etica & Politica / Ethics & Politics is an open access philosophical journal, being published only in an electronic format. The journal aims at promoting research and reflection, both historically and theoretically, in the field of moral and political philosophy, with no cultural preclusion or adhesion to any cultural current. Contributions should be submitted in one of these languages: Italian, English, French, German, Portuguese, Spanish. All essays should include an English abstract of max. 200 words. The editorial staff especially welcomes interdisciplinary contributions with special attention to the main trends of the world of practice. The journal has an anonymous double peer review referee system. Three issues per year are expected. The copyright of the published articles remain to the authors. We ask that in any future use of them Etica & Politica / Ethics & Politics be quoted as a source. All products on this site are released with a Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 IT)

This essay contains the responses given by Carmelo Vigna to some critics regarding their respective contributions published in the book "Essere in relazione" (Orthotes, 2022) on the topics of fundamental ontology and intersubjectivity. In the background, there is criticism of Emanuele Severino's neoparmenidism.

While the Italian Parliament ruled on the Advance Directives (ADs) in December 2017, Albania has not yet adopted a specific law regulating end-of-life situations. This scientific contribution studies the Albanian legal system and the documents published by the two main public health advisory bodies National Bioethics Committee and the National Health Committee as well as the national medical jurisprudence and the Code of medical ethics. After examining the im-portance of ADs and having considered the national and international literature that emphasized the patient's right to self-determination, this paper provides some suggestions while also taking into consideration the rules adopted by the Italian Parliament in December 2017. In the conclu-sions, this research highlights the importance of the ad hoc rules governing the ADs based on the findings of the investigation of the Italian model. Furthermore, in light of the current pan-demic, an innovative interpretation of the Albanian penal code is proposed.

The article aims to focus on the problem of the "difference of Manners" in the eleventh chapter of Leviathan. Through the analysis of the text, it emerges how the problem posed here by Hobbes seems to recall in some way what emerges in Montaigne’s Essais, when he speaks of the diversity, or of the variety, of the mœurs. It is therefore a question of asking whether what Hobbes is talking about are ways of being individuals capable of reacting with greater or less pertinence to a given situation. Or if it is instead a question of rigidly codified behaviors, customs proper to a certain group or a certain population. It is therefore necessary to understand what role instruction and education by the public authority have in Leviathan in regulating and discipli-ning the conduct of the subjects and their ways of life, in order to ensure the maintenance of the political order.

We all, all of us, without exception, consist of nothing more than property owned by other people: the sperm from our fathers, the egg and nine month’s worth of sustenance from our mothers. That being the case, how is it that we come to own ourselves? The present paper attempts to wrestle with this conundrum.